A Review of the CRISPR/Cas System and Its Potential for Early Cancer Diagnosis
Published: 2022-12-20
Page: 196-205
Issue: 2022 - Volume 5 [Issue 2]
Ikalo David Oseghale *
Department of Biochemistry, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria.
Imade Omoregie
Department of Biochemistry, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria.
Courage Ushiobafoh Godday
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Keele University, England, United Kingdom.
Virtue Oniso Okhemukhokho
University of Essex, United Kingdom.
Godwin Mmaduabuchi Ikokwu
Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
The range of CRISPR-based gene editing and modification technologies has quickly increased in recent years. In recent years, CRISPR/Cas has widened its application to diagnostics. CRISPR/Cas has the capacity to evade off targeting, which makes it both a powerful therapeutic tool and an excellent diagnostic tool for a variety of pathological diseases. The most common diagnostic tools currently in use are unable to properly target cancer, which is the number one cause of illness and mortality worldwide, because they can only detect it in advanced stages. As the next-generation molecular diagnostic technique, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR associated protein (CRISPR/Cas)-based in vitro diagnosis has considerable potential because it can streamline the detection processes and increase sensitivity and specificity. CRISPR/Cas systems have seen significant technical advancements that have demonstrated a high degree of effectiveness, specificity, and flexibility in targeting the targeted genomic location. A substantial amount of optimism is offered by recent advancements in CRISPR technology for the treatment of severe diseases like cancer. This article intends to give readers an overview of the CRISPR/Cas system's workings and to educate readers on the numerous Cas proteins that may be employed in the next generation of precise genome engineering.
Keywords: CRISPR, Cas proteins, DNA, RNA, Protospacer Adjacent Motif (PAM)
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